This cycle of "Plan - Do - Check - Act" is also known as the Control Circle, or PDCA.

Kaoru Ishikawa has expanded Deming's four steps into six:

1. Determine goals and targets.
2. Determine methods of reaching goals.
3. Engage in education and training.
4. Implement work.
5. Check the effects of implementation.
6. Take appropriate action.

References

• Ishikawa. K., (Lu. D. J. trans.), 1985, What is Total Quality Control?, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

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