Yulan Shen is now a visiting PhD student at the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Prof Frank Tietze. She focuses on IPR protection strategies and geopolitical risk and has a keen interest in developing a better understanding of how external shocks in the international environment reshape multinational enterprises’ IPR protection strategies. In this regard, much of her current working papers centre on the influence of geopolitical risk and technological competition on international patenting and cross-border patent litigation.