Decision support tools

References

• Kaplan RS and Norton DP, "The Balanced Scorecard - Measures that drive performance", Harvard Business Review, 1992 Jan/Feb, pp71-79.
• Kaplan RS and Norton DP. "Putting the Balanced Scorecard to Work, Harvard Business Review, September-October 1993. pp134-147 (Presents a series of cases about the balanced scorecard. Also documents Kaplan and Norton's process for developing a balanced scorecard.)
• Kaplan RS and Norton DP. "Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System". Harvard Business Review, January-February 1996 pp75-85 (Presents Kaplan and Norton's thoughts on how the balanced scorecard can be used as a strategic management system.)

Balanced Scorecard

The balanced scorecard forces managers to look at the business from four important perspectives. It links performance measures by requiring firms to address four basic questions:

(a) How do customers see us? - Customer perspective

(b) What must we excel at? - Internal perspective

(c) Can we continue to improve and create value? - Innovation & learning perspective

(d) How do we look to shareholders? - Financial perspective